Timeline of Ancient Egypt
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Timeline of Ancient Egypt |
Early Dynasty (3100 - 30 B.C.E.)
The first King of Egyptian history, Menes, is therefore a creation of the later record, not the actual unifier of the country. He is known from classical sources and is credited with irrigation works and finding the capital, Memphis. The 2nd Dynasties ruler, Hetepsekhemwy and his successor, Reneh, moved their burial places Saqqarah, the tomb of their third king.
Old Kingdom (2700 B.C.E.)
The First King of the 4th dynasty, Snefru, probably built the step pyramid of Maydum and then modified it to form the first true pyramid. The first two kings of the 6th dynasty, Userkaf and Sahure, were sons of Khentkaues who was a member of the 4th dynasty royal family. Information on the 6th dynasty political is more abundant because inscriptions of high officials were longer.First Intermediate Period (2184 B.C.E.)
The throne in Egypt was passed to Kings who were from the city of Heracleopolis. The kings then made their native city of Heracleopolis the capital of Egypt, rather than the former capital of Thebes. A period of generalized conflict ensued which focused on twin dynasties at Thebes and Heracleopolis.Middle Kingdom (2040 B.C.E.)
King Mentuhotep I led military campaigns in Lower Nubia. Amenemhet I(1938-08 B.C.E.) moved the capital city back to the Memphite area, founding a residence named Itjtowy.Second Intermediate Period (1782 B.C.E.)
The increasing competition for power in Egypt and Nubia crystalized in the formation of two new dynasties: the 15th (1630-1523 B.C.E.) and 17th (1630-1540 B.C.E.). They may have invaded neighboring lands, but they presented themselves as non-invasive.New Kingdom (1570 B.C.E.)
Although Ahmose had been preceded by Kamose, who was either his father or brother, Egyptian tradition regarded Ahmose as the founder of a new dynasty because he was the ruler who reunified Egypt. Ahmose's son, Ahmenhotep I, pushed the Egyptian frontier south to the Third Cataract near the capital of the Karmah State, while also gaining tribute from his Asiatic lands and perhaps campaigning in Syria.Third Intermediate Period (1070 B.C.E.)
At the end of the New Kingdom, Egypt was divided. The north was inherited by the Tanite 21st dynasty and much of the Nile Valley was controlled by the Ban Priests. The fifth king of the 21st dynasty, Osorkon I, was of Lybian descent. Tanis lost its importance to Sais.Late Period (525 B.C.E.)
Assyria, unable to maintain a large force in Egypt, supported several Delta vassal princes, including the powerful Psamtik I of Sais. In 656 B.C.E. Psamtik compelled Thebes to submit to him. He allowed the most powerful man in Thebes, Montemhat, to be govenor and to remain. The Sait dynasty pursued a foreign policy that avoided territorial expansion, and tried to preserve the status quo.Greco Roman Period (33 B.C.E.)
Augustus of Rome took over Egypt. The province was to be governed by a viceroy, or a prefect with the status of a Roman knight, who was directly responsible to the emperor. The first viceroy was Cornelius Gallus, who boasted too vaingloriously of his military achievements in the province.