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The respiratory system is resoponsible for providing
oxygen to |
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your blood. The process of obtaining oxygen and
releasing the |
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cellular waste produt and carbon dioxide into the
environment is |
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known as respiraton. But what does the respiratory
system do |
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and how does it work? |
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Invertevrate animals basically have a basic gas
exchange system. |
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The simplest of these animals, such as sponges and
flatworms |
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depend on a gas exchange across their body surface to
meet |
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their respiratory needs. Invertevrates having cpmplex
body |
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structures, such as the earthworm, not only have a
gas |
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exchange but they also have a simple circulatory
system. |
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Arthropods, such as insects, have a network of
tracheal tubes |
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that open at the body surface and connect with inner
tissues. |
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Tracheal tube systems of aquatic insects are
specialized to |
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hold oxygen from water. Gas exchange in echinoderms, |
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such as starfish occurs across the surface of the
tube feet. |
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Blood and Oxygen
Transport |
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The blood flowing through a respiratory organ is able
to load |
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sufficient oxygen and deliver it to body tissues. It
then loads |
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carbon dioxide and takes it back to the lungs. |
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Blood transports oxygen by hemoglobin, which is
substance |
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in all vertebrate blood except for some Antarctic
fishes. |
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Hemoglobin has ionized iron molecules in it which
oxygen |
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temporarily bonds during transport to the tissues.
Depending |
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on the species, the blood is able to load 5 to 25 ml
of oxygen |
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for every 100 ml of blood. |
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Respiratory Pump |
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Oxygen is continually replenished and carbon dioxide
is |
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discarded at the air/water-blood interface by the
action of a |
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respiratory pump. This provides fresh air or water to
the |
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respiratory membrane, which is the process of
inspiration, and |
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ejects water or air that is low in oxygen and high in
carbon |
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dioxide, the process of expiration. |
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